Grampian Weather Services
"The weather ... as forecast"
Thunderstorm Risk
Conditions for deep, moist convection (DMC):
• Air parcels must have a Level of Free Convection (LFC)
• The synoptic-scale helps prime the local environment for deep, moist convection (removing CIN, etc...)
• There must be sufficient lift so air parcels can reach their LFC (from air-mass boundaries or terrain)
• Once air parcels reach their LFC, they must become positively buoyant through a relatively deep layer of the troposphere
< 20: Weak Potential for TS
20 to 30: Moderate Potential for TS
30 to 40: Strong Potential for TS
40 to 50: Very Strong Potential for thunderstorms
> 50: Extreme Potential of thunderstorms
>35: Potential for severe TS
Severe TS: Different countries = different criteria
United Kingdom:
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Any force tornado
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20 mm (0.79 in) min size hail
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89 km/h (55 mph) min wind speed
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"Conducive to flash flooding" rainfall rate
Extremely severe convective weather phenomena:
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A tornado of class F2 or stronger
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At least 5.0 cm hail size
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Wind gusts with a speed of at least 33 m/s (about 119 km/h or 65 knots)
